10 Questions For RHCSA exam from Cloud99 Solutions……..

Posted on by vinothazure

1.      Alternative to Netstat command

A.ps
B.ls
C.ss
D.netstat
E. df

Answer: (C) SS 

Explanation: ss – socket statistics. Netstat command to get statistics on network/socket connections. However the netstat command has long been deprecated and replaced by the ss command from the iproute suite of tools.

2.      View last 5 line of the file /etc/sudoers 
A. tail –n 5 /etc/sudoers 
B. tail /etc/sudoers
C. tail –t 5 /etc/sudoers 
D. tail –5 /etc/sudoers 

Answer : (A) tail –n 5 /etc/sudoers
Explanation : Tail produce the output of last 10 a file .If you use  –n  customize the output lines count .

3.      In below which command we are using find the hidden files on directory and showing long listing format.
A. ls  –l
B. ls  –a
C. DIR
D. show hidden 
E. ls  –al 
answer:  (E) ls –al 
Explanation: ls command is one of the most frequently used command in Linux. Which provides the information about the files, folder, and script on a directory. This is alternate to DIR in windows.

4.      Which command we are using to view the Disk usage in RHEL 7
A. df
B. list disk 
C. partbrobe
D. autofs
Answer: (A) df
Explanation: df- Disk file system .It used to summary the full usage of Disk in Red-hat Enterprise Linux 7. 

5.      Which is default file System Red-hat Linux
A. XFS
B. ZFS
C. EXT4
D. EXT2
E. NTFS

Answer: (A) XFS.
Explanation: XFS is a very high performance, scalable file system and is routinely deployed in the most demanding applications. In Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7, XFS is the default file system and is supported on all architectures.

6.      Create a new group name instructors with GID 300000
Create three users gorewell,rbradbury,dadams with password Linux
Add new users to supplementary group instructors and primary group should remain same .

Answer :
[Root@serverX ~ ] # groupadd –g 300000 instructors 
[Root@serverX ~ ] # useradd –G instructors gorewell 
[Root@serverX ~ ] # useradd –G instructors rbradbury
[Root@serverX ~ ] # useradd –G instructors dadams 
[Root@serverX ~ ] # passwd gorewell 
New Password :
conform password :
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully .
Or
[Root@serverX ~ ]# system-config -users 
Explanation:  In Linux, a ‘useradd‘ command is a low-level utility that is used for adding/creating user accounts in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. The ‘adduser‘is much similar to useradd command, because it is just a symbolic link to it. 
The groupadd command creates a new group account using the values specified on the command line and the default values from the system. The new group will be entered into the system files as needed.
system-config –users : graphical utility to manage users

7.      Create a user gorewell with UID 7000
force the newly created user to change the passwd on first login 
Answer:
[Root@serverX ~ ] # useradd –u 7000 gorewell
[Root@serverX ~ ] #chage –d 0 gorewell 
Explanation: 
In Linux, a ‘useradd‘ command is a low-level utility that is used for adding/creating user accounts in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. The ‘adduser‘is much similar to useradd command, because it is just a symbolic link to it. 
The command name ‘chage’ is an acronym for ‘change age’. This command is used to change the user’s password’s aging / expiry information.

8.      Create a shared directory /home/developers on ServerX according to following requirements  
The Directory is owned by user root and group instructors 
Set permissions with SETGID  on  /home/developers directory ,So that owner and group have full read/write/execute permission and other user have read permissions 
Answer:
[Root@serverX ~ ] #mkdir /home/developers 
[Root@serverX ~ ] #chown :instructors /home/developers
[Root@serverX ~ ] #chmod 2774 /home/developers 
Explanation:
The mkdir command is is used to create new directories.The chown command changes the owner and owning group of files. Thechmod command changes the access mode of one file or multiple files.

9.      Determine the process which using most resource on ServerX and terminate it 
Answer:
[Root@serverX ~ ] #top 
[Root@serverX ~ ] #pkill ##### 
Expanation :
Top sorts all process by CPU utilization. Find the process number or name from top .And then kill the process by pkill number of process #####.

10.  Use bash Commands to complete the following task on the ServerX machine 
Display the first 12 lines of the /usr/bin/clean-binary-files file and send the output to the /home/student/headtail.ext
Answer:
[Root@serverX ~ ] #head –n 12 /usr/bin/clean-binary-files > /home/student/headtail.txt 
Explanation : The head command reads the first few lines of any text given to it as an input and writes them to standard output (which, by default, is the display screen).

Azure Kubernets Services

Posted on by vinothazure

Answering these basic questions makes you get a idea about container service.

What is Docker?

Docker is tool designed to make easier to create, deploy, and run applications by using containers. Containers allow a developer to package up an application with all of the parts it needs, such as libraries and other dependencies, and ship it all out as one package.

What is kubernetes?

Kubernetes act as a clustering tool that can be used to orchestrate and schedule containers on machine clusters. Kubernetes is a container orchestration system for Docker containers.It used to coordinate clusters of nodes at scale in production in an efficient manner .Azure Offering kubernets Containers Services(AKS) like other Cloud providers Amazon-and Google.

What is Docker file?

The filet that used to build Docker image when you build using Docker build command.

Whatis Docker Image?

Which built by Docker file .Docker image contians all Operating Environement and Application and platform Pre-requestices .This Dockerimage going to run in Docker Container.

Let Create our first AKS on Azure Free subcription which contains clusters to run the Container. Assumes that in your machine you already installed Docker container platform. Below steps contains series of images which will guide you to create the your First AKS .

Step 1: Please login into Azure portal http://portal.azure.com

Step 2: Search for Kubernetes Services and then select new service

Step 3: Create new Services and mention the node size.See the subcription limit here. https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/azure-subscription-service-limits

Step 4: Open the created AKS

Step 5: Connecting the Dashboard

To connect the Kubernets Dashboard , you must have installed the Azure CLI in your machine .

Installing the Azure CLI ,Please download the MSI package formthis link and download on your Windowsmachine https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/cli/azure/install-azure-cli-windows?view=azure-cli-latest

Step 6 Azure AKS CLI commands .

Please follwoing steps to AKS Dashboard from your local machine .


If you do not already have kubectl installed in your CLI, run the following command:

# az aks install-cli

Please login Azure CLI oauth authentication

# az login

Get the credentials for your cluster by running the following command:

#az aks get-credentials –resource-group Cloud99 –name vinothazure

Open the Kubernetes dashboard by running the following command:

# az aks browse –resource-group cloud99 –name vinothazure

Thanks commands and doubts are welcome

on the behalf of Cloud99 Solutions Vinoth Kanagaraj ☁☁

MultiFactor Authentication Office 365

Posted on by vinothazure
What you know? What you have ?

Importance of Multi Factor Authtication

Multi-factor authentication is a necessity these days. Scammers are actively trying to gain access to end-user mailboxes for their own malicious activities. Most people think of this attack as hacking, but this couldn’t be further from the truth; often access is gained by providing the actual credentials to the mailbox.

The scammers are obtaining these credentials by purchasing them on the dark web or from previously successful phishing or spear phishing email campaigns (example snapshot below). Nearly all these attempts to access an Office 365 account can be thwarted by enabling multi-factor authentication (MFA)

Configure MFA

1. Log into Office 365 Admin Center (https://admin.microsoft.com)
2. Click on “Users” -> “Active Users”
3. Click on “More” button -> “Multifactor Authentication Setup”
4. Click on tab at top called “Service Settings”
1. Select “Allow users to create app passwords to sign in to non-
browser apps”
2. Select at least the three following
1. Text message to phone
2. Notification through mobile app
3. Verification code from mobile app or hardware token

3. Select “Allow users to remember multi-function authentication
on devices they trust” 1. Usually 60 days (2 months) provides the
best end-user experience

Sample Capture from Office 365 Portal

Continue from here to enable MFA on select accounts as Microsoft provides the ability to enable MFA on a single account basis to allow for a staged roll-out. Once MFA is enabled on account, the end user will need to log into the web portal to finish the activation

Enabling MFA on Office 365 accounts

• Click on “users” tab to enable individual users
Select desired user

▪ Fair warning that this portal is slow for some tenants and can take a moment or two to refresh when click on the next arrow

Click on “enable” button

On confirmation pop-up click “enable multi-factor auth”

• Direct user to https://portal.office.com and login with O365 credentials o Click “Next” on the More information required pop-up

• There are two primary ways for the end-user to interact with MFA, through text message or an authenticator app downloaded from the App/Play Store

Setting up Text message authentication

• Choose “Authentication phone”
• Enter mobile number
• Select “Send me a code by text message”

word-image-35.png (683×252)

Setting up Authenticator App

• Choose “Mobile App”
• Select option “Receive notification for verification”
• Click “Set up” button


The next page will provide an app password that should be recorded in a temporary location as it will be needed in some of the scenarios below. If the password is lost, a new app password can be generated from the user’s Office 365 “account” page

At this point the user’s account is successfully protected with multi-factor authentication.

Learn Microsoft Azure Free

Posted on by vinothazure

Microsoft Offers Free resources for Learing their Rapid Technologies.

What is Azure?

Azure is Microsoft’s cloud computing platform. You bring your requirements, creativity, and favorite software development tools. Microsft bring a massive global infrastructure that’s always available for you to build your applications on.

What is Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services over the Internet using a rented Platform. You can call, it’s a way to rent compute power and storage from someone else’s data center.

Instead of maintaining CPUs and storage in your data center, you rent them for the time that you need them. The cloud provider takes care of maintaining the underlying infrastructure for you.

You can treat cloud resources like you would your resources in your own data center. When you’re done using them, you just give them back. You’re billed only for what you use.

Enroll yourself Start your Learing Path based On your work Role…

Azure Quiz

Posted on by saicharan

QUESTION 1

Azure VMs and storage services fall under which of the following cloud computing models?

  • IaaS
  • PaaS
  • SaaS
  • All of the above

 

Answer:   IAAS
Azure’s wide range of VM options, as well as its storage and networking services, would fall under the IaaS cloud computing model. Azure does also include many PaaS and SaaS components.

QUESTION 2

Which Azure management tool analyzes resources and provides recommendations to optimize deployments?

  • Azure Advisor
  • Azure Recommend
  • Azure Proactive
  • Azure Optimize

 

Answer: Azure Advisor
Azure Advisor recommends ways to improve availability, security, cost and performance for cloud deployments. It provides best practices to manage various resources, including VMs, availability sets and app gateways. Enterprises can access these capabilities through Azure Portal

QUESTION 3

Which of the following Azure products helps enterprises deploy and manage a hybrid cloud architecture?

  • Azure Databricks
  • Azure Pack
  • Azure Stack
  • Azure Hybrid

 

Answer: Azure Stack

Azure Stack gives enterprises the ability to build, run and manage hybrid cloud apps that span their on-premises data centers and the Azure public cloud. It consists of hardware, which physically lives in the customer’s local data center, and software, which delivers Azure public cloud services, to more seamlessly move apps between environments. With Azure Stack, enterprises gain more flexibility, especially for mission-critical applications that have strict regulatory requirements.

QUESTION 4

On Sept. 4, 2018, Azure experienced an outage in the South Central U.S. region in San Antonio which left some cloud services offline for days. What caused the outage?

  • Human error
  • Severe weather
  • Security breach
  • All of the above

 

Answer: Severe weather

  High-energy storms triggered a power spike that caused the Azure data center to overheat and shut down. To prevent similar problems in the future, Microsoft said it will reevaluate its disaster recovery and backup methods, specifically asynchronous replication and active georeplication for Azure SQL and Azure Storage.

QUESTION 5

Azure Service Fabric is a distributed systems platform aimed primarily at:

  • Containers and microservices
  • Serverless architectures
  • Blockchain projects
  • All of the above

 

 Answer:  Containers and microservices

Azure Service Fabric helps an enterprise build, deploy and manage both containers and microservices. It is typically used for distributed apps that require reliability and scaling capabilities. It powers a large numbers of services, including Azure Cosmos DB, Cortana and Azure Event Hubs. The service supports clusters both on premises and in Azure.

QUESTION 6

Which Microsoft Azure cloud security tool can an enterprise use for key management?

  • Azure GuardDuty
  • Azure Lockdown
  • Azure Key Management
  • Azure Key Vault
    Answer: Azure Key Vault
    With Azure Key Vault, enterprises can create and manage encryption keys, as well as store and control access to items such as tokens, passwords and API keys. It also centrally stores application secrets, which increases user control over access and distribution.

QUESTION 7

Compared to rivals AWS and Google, Microsoft Azure cloud is the only provider that offers a service-level agreement (SLA) for its API management service.

  • True
  • False
    Answer:True
    The SLA for Microsoft Azure cloud guarantees that its API Management service instances, in its Basic, Standard and Premium tiers, will respond to requests at least 99.9% of the time. However, this does not apply to the Developer tier. If, for some reason, the availability drops below 99.9%, the enterprise will receive a service credit.

QUESTION 8

Azure Storage offers how many storage tiers?

  • 3
  • 4
  • 5
  • 8
    Answer: 4
 Azure Storage has four available storage tiers: Premium, Hot, Cool and Archive. Premium and Hot are both meant to store frequently accessed data, with the former offering higher performance. Cool stores data that is infrequently accessed and held for at least 30 days, and Archive has flexible latency requirements for rarely accessed data, which is stored for at least 180 days.

QUESTION 9

Which company did Microsoft acquire to supplement its cost management service?

  • RightScale
  • Cloudify
  • Cloudability
  • Cloudyn
Answer:Cloudyn
In September 2017, Microsoft acquired Cloudyn and baked it into its own Cost Management service to give customers increased visibility to optimize cloud usage and spend. Azure will maintain Cloudyn’s support for other environments, including AWS and Google Cloud Platform.

QUESTION 10

Azure Cognitive Services is made up of which five service components?

  • Speech, Language, Search, Video and Translation
  • Vision, Speech, Language, Search and Knowledge
  • Language, Translation, Vision, Knowledge and Audio
  • Knowledge, Translation, Audio, Visual and Speech

 

  Answer: Vision, Speech, Language, Search and Knowledge

Azure Cognitive Services is part of Microsoft’s machine learning and AI portfolio. It is made up of APIs, software development kits and services that help developers build intelligent applications. Vision, Speech, Language, Search and Knowledge APIs enable cognitive features, such as facial recognition, speaker identification and language translation.

QUESTION 11

What of the following capabilities does the Azure Migrate service NOT provide?

  • Assess cloud readiness
  • Estimate monthly cloud costs
  • Recommend cloud VM sizes
  • Migrate VMs

 

 

Answer:Migrate VMs

Azure Migrate is an assessment service that helps enterprises determine if they are ready for cloud and if the move meets their budgetary requirements. It also visualizes on-premises VM dependencies and recommends VM sizes. While it does not actually migrate VMs, Azure Site Recovery and Azure Database Migration Service can help complete that task.